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‘Why we fight’: voices of youth combatants in Sierra Leone

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Extract

Young people are the major participants in most wars. In the African civil wars of the last twenty years combatants have become increasingly youthful. Some forces are made up largely of young teenagers; combatants may sometimes be as young as 8 or 10, and girl fighters are increasingly common. The trend to more youthful combatants also reflects the discovery that children—their social support disrupted by war—make brave and loyal fighters; the company of comrades in arms becomes a family substitute. There are two main adult reactions. The first is to stigmatise youth combatants as evil (‘bandits’, ‘vermin’). The other (regularly espoused by agencies working with children) is to see young fighters as victims, as tools of undemocratic military regimes or brutally unscrupulous ‘warlords’. But many under-age combatants choose with their eyes open to fight, and defend their choice, sometimes proudly. Set against a background of destroyed families and failed educational systems, militia activity offers young people a chance to make their way in the world. The purpose of this article is to let young combatants explain themselves. The reader is left to decide whether they are the dupes and demons sometimes supposed.

Résumé

La plupart des guerres impliquent majoritairement des jeunes. Les guerres civiles africaines de ces vingt dernières annees ont vu l'âge des combattants diminuer progressivement. Certaines armées sont composées en grande partie d'adolescents; les combattants n'ont parfois que huit ou dix ans, et la participation des filles au combat s'accroît. La tendance marquée par l'âge décroissant des combattants reflète aussi la prise de conscience que les enfants, dont la base de soutien social a été perturbée par la guerre, se révèlent être des combattants courageux et loyaux. Les compagnons d'armes se substituent à la famille. La réaction des adultes est double. La première consiste á stigmatiser les jeunes combattants en les diabolisant (en les qualifiant de “bandits” et de “vermine”). L'autre réaction, régulièrement adoptée par les organismes de protection de l'enfance, est de considérer les jeunes combattants comme des victimes ou des outils aux mains de régimes militaires antidémocratiques ou de “seigneurs de guerre” brutaux et sans scrupules. De nombreux combattants mineurs choisissent cependant de combattre en pleine connaissance de cause et défendent leur choix, parfois avec fierté. Sur fond de families détruites et de systèmes d'éducation défaillants, l'activisme milicien offre aux jeunes une chance de se faire un chemin dans la vie. Cet article vise à donner la parole aux jeunes combattants. II s'appuie principalement sur des entretiens menés à Freetown en 1996 avec d'anciens combattants mineurs en cours de réadaptation (dans deux différents programmes), ainsi que des entretiens recueillis à l'intérieur du pays auprès de consents du RUF/SL qui se sont eux-mêmes démobilisé récemment. Le soin est laissé au lecteur de décider si ces jeunes sont les dupes et les démons que l'on suppose parfois.

Type
Listening to losers after conflict
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1998

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