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What’s theoretically novel about emerging-market multinationals?

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Abstract

We review the classic theory of the MNE and past attempts to use it to understand the internationalization of firms from emerging markets. We offer two criteria to determine whether EMNEs modify classic theory or not: (1) establishing appropriate theoretical reference points, and (2) distinguishing between theoretical constructs and empirical variables. We suggest that the literature can benefit from moving beyond comparing EMNEs to DMNEs and focusing instead on more fruitful issues. Specifically, emerging markets offer the opportunity to observe the origin of the capabilities of MNEs in general and the development of the institutional ecosystem that supports internationalization.

Résumé

Revisamos la teoría clásica de la empresa multinacional (EMN) et nous tentons de l’utiliser pour comprendre l’internationalisation des entreprises issues des marchés émergents. Nous proposons deux critères pour déterminer si les entreprises multinationales des marchés émergents (EMNE) modifient la théorie classique ou non : (1) la définition des points de référence théoriques appropriés et (2) la distinction entre les construits théoriques et les variables empiriques. Nous suggérons que la littérature peut se développer au-delà des comparaisons entre les EMNE et les entreprises multinationales des marchés développés (EMND) et en se concentrant sur des questions plus fructueuses. Plus précisément, les marchés émergents offrent la possibilité d’observer l’origine des capacités des EMN en général et le développement de l’écosystème institutionnel qui soutient l’internationalisation.

Resumen

Revisamos la teoría clásica la la empresa multinacional (EMN) y tratamos de usarla para entender la internacionalización de las empresas de mercados emergentes. Ofrecemos dos criterios para determinar si las empresas multinacionales de mercados emergentes modifican o no la teoría clásica: (1) estableciendo puntos de referencia teóricamente apropiados y (2) distinguiendo entre los constructos teóricos y las variables empíricas. Sugerimos que la literatura se puede beneficiarse al ir más allá de comparar las empresas multinacionales de países emergentes con las de países desarrollados y en cambio enfocarse en cuestiones más fructíferos. Especialmente, los mercados emergentes ofrecen la oportunidad de observar el origen de las capacidades de las empresas multinacionales en general y desarrollo del ecosistema institucional que respalda la internacionalización.

Resumo

Revisamos a teoria clássica de MNE e tentativas de usá-la para entender a internacionalização de empresas de mercados emergentes. Oferecemos dois critérios para determinar se EMNEs modificam a teoria clássica ou não: (1) estabelecimento de pontos de referência teóricos adequados e (2) distinção entre construtos teóricos e variáveis empíricas. Sugerimos que a literatura possa se beneficiar de ir além de comparar EMNEs com DMNEs e que se concentre em questões mais frutíferas. Especificamente, mercados emergentes oferecem a oportunidade para observar a origem das capacidades de MNEs em geral e o desenvolvimento do ecossistema institucional que suporta a internacionalização.

概要

我们回顾了MNE的经典理论及用它来认识新兴市场公司国际化所做的尝试。我们提供了两个准则, 以确定EMNEs是否修正了经典理论:(1)建立适当的理论参考点; (2)区分理论构体和实证变量。我们建议超越EMNEs与DMNEs的比较, 而把重点放在更有成效的议题上, 这样文献能受益。具体而言, 新兴市场为观察MNEs整体能力的起源以及支持国际化的制度生态系统的发展提供了机会。

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Editor-in-Chief, Alain Verbeke, the anonymous reviewers, Lisa Tang, and participants in the AIB 2017 annual conference for their respective helpful comments and conversations that influenced the ideas in this article.

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Correspondence to Exequiel Hernandez.

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Accepted by Alain Verbeke, Editor-in-Chief, 9 November 2017. This article has been with the authors for one revision and was single-blind reviewed.

Accepted by Alain Verbeke, Editor-in-Chief, 9 November 2017. This article has been with the authors for one revision and was single-blind reviewed.

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Hernandez, E., Guillén, M.F. What’s theoretically novel about emerging-market multinationals?. J Int Bus Stud 49, 24–33 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0131-7

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