This chapter distinguishes three periods of language planning and language policy (LPLP) research and practice: early LPLP from the 1960s through the 1970s; a period of critique and disillusionment with LPLP during the 1980s; and revitalization of LPLP from the early 1990s to the present. It examines the major issues, assumptions, and methodologies of each period. The neoclassical approach of early research in LPLP focused on activities of the nation-state. Criticisms of LPLP focused on several assumptions and beliefs implicit in the neoclassical model. The revival of LPLP began with work in the early 1990s that was influenced by theoretical developments in the social sciences. LPLP has been rejuvenated by efforts to link LPLP with important issues in other areas of the social sciences. Schmidt distinguishes between political science and political theory. LPLP scholars have recognized that community involvement in policymaking is essential if policy goals are to be achieved.