Themes


TURMOIL AT TIANANMEN
A STUDY OF U.S. PRESS COVERAGE OF THE BEIJING SPRING OF 1989


© The Joan Shorenstein Barone Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Research funded by a grant from The Ford Foundation
June, 1992


TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
Scope
Process

A LEGACY OF AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS OF CHINA

COVERAGE OF THE CRISIS

1. The Death of Hu Yaobang
2. From Mourning to Protest
3. The Movement's Aims
4. Deng Assails the Movement
5. The Student Movement Interacts With Chinese Politics
6. The Student-Government Dialogues
7. Connections, Factions, Supporters
8. Protests Grow
9. A Media Hiatus
10. Preparing for Gorbachev
11. Subjectivity and Professionalism
12. The Students, the World, and the Villages
13. Zhao Ziyang's Revelation
14. Radicalization, Broadening of the Movement
15. The Shaping of Chinese Opinions
16. Protests Outside Beijing
17. The Government Readies a Response
18. Rumors, Waiting
19. Reports of a Power Struggle
20. Complications of Coverage
21. The Army Attacks
22. Losses, Sources, Beijing's Accusations
23. Intensified Coverage
24. "Civil War"
25. Repression, A New Version of History and Controversies in Coverage
26. The Chinese Government's Views and Motivation
27. The Media's Use of Specialists
28. Retrospectives
29. Impact on Public Opinion and Policy
30. China as a Revolving Door

CONCLUSIONS
ENDNOTES
APPENDIX A (List of interviews conducted for study)
APPENDIX B (List of participants)


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